4 steps for treating burns and scalds

Follow these steps and you could help control the damage and pain from burns and scalds.

• Immediately douse the burn with cold water. Hold the burnt part under cold running water for at least 10 minutes, even if the pain stops.
• If a tap is not available, any cold fluid, such as milk, will do.

Head to the emergency room or call an ambulance if you're in doubt about the severity of the burn, or if any of the following applies:

• Burns are severe, deep or larger than the size of the victim's hand
• Burns were caused by chemicals or electricity
• The casualty is in shock, is weak, shows signs of exhaustion
• The casualty is under five, over 60 or pregnant

Superficial burns and scalds affecting only the surface of the skin may not need medical attention and should heal naturally.

• Remove clothing and jewellery around the burned area, but don't pull away any material stuck to the skin.
• After 10 to 20 minutes cooling with water, allow the area to dry. Then cover with a clean, non-fluffy material, like plastic wrap or a plastic bag.
• Keep the burn clean, don't apply creams and don't be tempted to burst blisters.

Wrap a blanket around the person - avoiding the affected area – to guard against a dangerous drop in body temperature.

• Blisters are raised areas of skin or mucous membranes under which fluids have accumulated. Never burst them.
• A blister with some non-infectious cause, such as a burn or sunburn, protects underlying tissue and reduces discomfort and the risk of infection.
• If a blister bursts, expose it to the air in hygienic surroundings. Dress it if there's a risk of dirt getting in.
• See a doctor if a blister becomes inflamed, or if you suddenly develop widespread blisters, which suggest an underlying disease.

A burn requires immediate action to limit skin damage. With the right knowledge and supplies, you can minimize the damage and help start the healing process.